Nigute Wokwirinda Valve Kubora

Amashanyarazi yangirika yangiza ibyuma muburyo butandukanye.Ntabwo ikora hagati yibyuma bibiri gusa, ahubwo inatanga itandukaniro rishobora guterwa nubushake buke bwumuti, gukemura nabi kwa ogisijeni, no gutandukanya gato mumiterere yimbere yicyuma, byongera ruswa..Ibyuma bimwe ubwabyo ntabwo birwanya ruswa, ariko birashobora gukora firime nziza cyane yo gukingira nyuma yo kwangirika, ni ukuvuga firime ya passivation, ishobora gukumira ruswa.Birashobora kugaragara ko kugirango tugere ku ntego yo kurwanya ruswa y’ibyuma, kimwe ni ugukuraho ruswa y’amashanyarazi;ikindi ni ugukuraho amashanyarazi yangirika;firime ya pasiporo igomba gukorwa hejuru yicyuma;icya gatatu ni ugukoresha ibikoresho bitari ibyuma bidafite amashanyarazi yangirika aho gukoresha ibyuma.Uburyo bwinshi bwo kurwanya ruswa bwasobanuwe hano hepfo.

1. Hitamo ibikoresho birwanya ruswa ukurikije uburyo

Mu gice cya "Guhitamo Valve", twerekanye uburyo bukwiye kubikoresho bisanzwe bya valve, ariko ni intangiriro rusange.Mu musaruro nyirizina, kwangirika kwingirakamaro biragoye cyane, kabone niyo byakoreshwa mu bikoresho Ibikoresho bya valve ni bimwe, kwibumbira hamwe, ubushyuhe n’umuvuduko wikigereranyo biratandukanye, kandi kwangirika kwicyuma kubikoresho ni bitandukanye.Iyo ubushyuhe bwikigereranyo bwiyongereyeho 10 ° C, igipimo cya ruswa cyiyongera inshuro 1 kugeza kuri 3.Ikigereranyo cyo hagati kigira uruhare runini mu kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bya valve.Kurugero, iyo gurş iri muri acide sulfurike hamwe na concentration nkeya, ruswa iba nto cyane.Iyo kwibanda kurenze 96%, ruswa irazamuka cyane.Ibinyuranye na byo, ibyuma bya karubone bifite ruswa ikomeye cyane iyo kwibumbira hamwe kwa aside sulfurike igera kuri 50%, kandi iyo intumbero yiyongereye kugera kuri 6%, ruswa igabanuka cyane.Kurugero, aluminiyumu irashobora kwangirika cyane muri acide ya nitricike yibumbiye hamwe hejuru ya 80%, ariko yangirika cyane mubice bito kandi bito bya acide ya nitric.Nubwo ibyuma bidafite ingese bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa ya acide ya nitric, ruswa yiyongera muri acide ya nitric irenga 95%.

Birashobora kugaragara mu ngero zavuzwe haruguru ko guhitamo neza ibikoresho bya valve bigomba gushingira kumiterere yihariye, gusesengura ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka kuri ruswa, no guhitamo ibikoresho ukurikije imfashanyigisho zirwanya ruswa.

2.Gukoresha ibikoresho bitari ibyuma

Kurwanya ruswa itari ibyuma ni byiza.Mugihe cyose ubushyuhe bwimikorere ya valve hamwe nigitutu byujuje ibisabwa mubikoresho bitari ibyuma, ntibishobora gukemura ikibazo cyangirika gusa, ahubwo binabika ibyuma byagaciro.Umubiri wa valve, bonnet, umurongo, hejuru yikimenyetso, nibindi bisanzwe bikozwe mubikoresho bitari ibyuma.Kubijyanye na gaseke, ibipfunyika bikozwe mubikoresho bitari ibyuma.Imirongo ya valve ikozwe muri plastiki nka polytetrafluoroethylene na chlorine polyether, hamwe na reberi nka reberi karemano, neoprene na nitrile reberi, mugihe umubiri wa valve hamwe nigifuniko cya valve muri rusange bikozwe mubyuma bikozwe mubyuma nicyuma cya karubone.Ntabwo yemeza gusa imbaraga za valve, ahubwo inemeza ko valve itangirika.Umuyoboro wa pinch nawo wakozwe hashingiwe ku kurwanya kwangirika kwiza no gukora neza cyane kwa reberi.Muri iki gihe, birarushijeho kuba byiza gukoresha nylon, PTFE n’ibindi bya plastiki, hamwe na reberi karemano hamwe na reberi ya sintetike kugira ngo ukore ahantu hatandukanye hafunga impeta n’impeta zifunga, zikoreshwa ku bwoko butandukanye bwa valve.Ibi bikoresho bitari ibyuma bikoreshwa nko gufunga ibintu Ibikoresho, ntabwo birwanya ruswa gusa, ahubwo nibikorwa byiza byo gufunga, cyane cyane bikwiriye gukoreshwa mubitangazamakuru bifite ibice.Birumvikana, imbaraga zabo hamwe nubushyuhe birwanya ni bike, bigabanya intera ikoreshwa.Kugaragara kwa grafite yoroheje byazanye ibitari mu murima w'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, byakemuye igihe kirekire bigoye gukemura ikibazo cyo gupakira no kumeneka gasike, kandi ni amavuta meza yo mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru.

3. Shira irangi

Ipitingi nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu kurwanya ruswa, kandi ni ikintu cyingirakamaro cyo kurwanya ruswa no kwerekana ibimenyetso ku bicuruzwa bya valve.Impuzu nazo ni ibikoresho bitari ibyuma.Ubusanzwe bikozwe mubisumizi, ibishishwa bya reberi, amavuta yimboga, ibishishwa, nibindi, kandi bigapfundikira hejuru yicyuma kugirango bitandukane nikirere nikirere kugirango bagere kubikorwa byo kurwanya ruswa.Ipitingi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubidukikije bitangirika cyane, nk'amazi, amazi y'umunyu, amazi yo mu nyanja, n'ikirere.Umuyoboro w'imbere wa valve ubusanzwe ushushanyijeho irangi rirwanya ruswa kugirango wirinde amazi, umwuka nibindi bitangazamakuru kwangirika.Irangi rivanze namabara atandukanye kugirango yerekane ibikoresho Fahn akoresha.Umuyoboro watewe irangi, mubisanzwe rimwe mumezi atandatu kugeza kumwaka.

4. Ongeramo inhibitor ya ruswa

Ongeramo umubare muto wibindi bintu bidasanzwe mubintu byangirika kandi byangirika birashobora kugabanya umuvuduko mwinshi wibyuma.Iyi ngingo idasanzwe yitwa korosiyo inhibitor.

Uburyo bukoreshwa na inhibitor ya ruswa igenzura ruswa ni uko iteza polarisiyasi ya batiri.Inhibitori ya ruswa ikoreshwa cyane mubitangazamakuru no kuzuza.Ongeraho inhibitori yangirika murwego rwo hagati irashobora kugabanya kwangirika kwibikoresho na valve.Kurugero, chromium-nikel ibyuma bitagira umuyonga muri acide sulfurike idafite ogisijeni ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gushonga mu gutwikwa, kandi ruswa ikaba ikomeye, ariko hongewemo umubare muto wa sulfate y'umuringa cyangwa aside nitric.Iyo okiside ikoreshejwe, ibyuma bidafite ingese birashobora guhinduka muburyo butajegajega, hanyuma hakozwe firime ikingira hejuru kugirango birinde kwangirika kwicyuma.Muri aside hydrochloric, iyo hiyongereyeho aside nkeya, ruswa ya titanium irashobora kugabanuka.Amazi akoreshwa nkikigereranyo cyikigereranyo cyo gupima umuvuduko wa valve, byoroshye gutera impanuka ya valve.Ongeramo gake ya sodium nitrite mumazi birashobora kubuza amazi kwangirika.Ipaki ya asibesitosi irimo chloride, yonona igiti kinini.Niba hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukaraba n'amazi yatoboye, ibirimo chloride birashobora kugabanuka.Nyamara, ubu buryo buragoye kubushyira mubikorwa kandi ntibushobora kuzamurwa muri rusange.Ester irakwiriye kubikenewe bidasanzwe.

Mu rwego rwo kurinda uruti rwa valve no kwirinda kwangirika kwipakira rya asibesitosi, uruti rwa valve rwuzuyemo inhibitori ya ruswa hamwe nicyuma cyibitambo mugupakira asibesitosi.Inhibitor ya ruswa igizwe na nitrite ya sodium na sodium ya sodium, ishobora gukora firime ya passiwasi hejuru yikibabi cya valve kugirango irusheho kwangirika kwangirika kwuruti rwa valve;umusemburo urashobora gushonga buhoro buhoro inhibitori ya ruswa kandi ukagira uruhare rwo gusiga;muri asibesitosi ifu ya Zinc yongeweho nkicyuma cyo gutamba.Mubyukuri, zinc nayo irwanya ruswa.Irashobora kubanza guhuza na chloride muri asibesitosi, kugirango imikoranire iri hagati ya chloride nicyuma cya valve igabanuka cyane, kugirango igere ku ntego yo kurwanya ruswa.Niba inhibitori ya ruswa nka acide itukura na calcium ya aside ya calcium yongewe kumarangi, gutera hejuru ya valve birashobora kwirinda kwangirika kwikirere.

5. Kurinda amashanyarazi

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo kurinda amashanyarazi: kurinda anodic no kurinda catodiki.Ibyo bita anodic kurinda ni ugukoresha ibyuma birinda nka anode kugirango utangire umuyaga utaziguye kugirango wongere ubushobozi bwa anode mubyerekezo byiza.Iyo yiyongereye ku gaciro runaka, hakozwe firime yuzuye yo gukingira hejuru yicyuma cya anode, ni firime ya passivation.Ruswa ya cathodes yicyuma iragabanuka cyane.Kurinda Anodic birakwiriye kubyuma byoroshye.Ibyo bita cathodic kurinda bivuze ko icyuma gikingiwe gikoreshwa nka cathode, kandi umuyoboro utaziguye ukoreshwa kugirango ugabanye ubushobozi bwacyo muburyo bubi.Iyo igeze ku gaciro runaka gashoboka, umuvuduko wa ruswa waragabanutse kandi icyuma kirarinzwe.Byongeye kandi, kurinda cathodic birashobora kurinda ibyuma birinzwe hamwe nicyuma gifite electrode ishobora kuba mbi cyane kuruta icyuma kirinzwe.Niba zinc ikoreshwa mukurinda ibyuma, zinc irabora, kandi zinc yitwa icyuma cyo gutamba.Mubikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro, kurinda anodic bikoreshwa bike, kandi kurinda catodiki bikoreshwa cyane.Imyanda nini na valves zingenzi zikoresha ubu buryo bwo kurinda catodiki, nuburyo bwubukungu, bworoshye kandi bunoze.Zinc yongewemo kuzuza asibesitosi kugirango irinde igiti cya valve, nacyo kikaba ari uburyo bwo kurinda catodiki.

6. Kuvura ibyuma

Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibyuma byubutaka nibyiza kuruta gutwikira ibitotsi, kwinjirira hejuru, passiyo ya okiside yubutaka, nibindi. Intego yabyo ni ukunoza kwangirika kwangirika kwibyuma no kunoza ingufu za mashini zibyuma.Ubuso buvuwe nubuso bukoreshwa cyane.

Umuyoboro uhuza imiyoboro isanzwe ushyizwemo imbaraga, ushyizwemo chrome, na okiside (blued) kugirango urusheho kurwanya ruswa yo mu kirere no hagati.Usibye uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru kubindi bifunga, kuvura hejuru nka fosifati nabyo bikoreshwa ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze.

Ubuso bwa kashe hamwe nibice bifunga hamwe na kalibiri ntoya akenshi bikoresha inzira nka nitriding na boronizing kugirango irusheho kwangirika no kwambara.Disiki ya valve ikozwe muri 38CrMoAlA, igipimo cya nitride kirenze cyangwa kingana na 0.4mm.

Ikibazo cya valve stem anti-ruswa nikibazo abantu bitondera.Twakusanyije uburambe bukungahaye ku musaruro.Uburyo bwo kuvura hejuru nka nitriding, boronizing, plaque ya chrome hamwe na nikel isanzwe ikoreshwa mugutezimbere kwangirika kwayo, kurwanya ruswa no kurwanya abrasion.imikorere yimvune.Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura bugomba kuba bukwiye kubikoresho bitandukanye bya valve nibikoresho bikora.Ikibaho cya valve gihuye nikirere, amazi yo mu kirere hamwe na asibesitosi bipakira birashobora gushyirwaho uburyo bukomeye bwa chrome na nitride ya gaz (ibyuma bitagira umwanda ntibikwiriye inzira ya nitride);Mu kirere cya hydrogène sulfide, valve ihabwa amashanyarazi hamwe na fosifore yo hejuru ya nikel, ifite imikorere myiza yo kurinda;38CrMoAlA irashobora kandi kurwanya ruswa ikoresheje ion na nitride ya gaze, ariko ntibikwiye gukoresha chromium ikomeye;2Cr13 irashobora kurwanya ammonia kwangirika nyuma yo kuzimya no gutwarwa.Ibyuma bya karubone ukoresheje nitride ya gaze nayo irwanya ruswa ya ammonia, mugihe fosifore-nikel zose zidashobora kwihanganira ruswa;nyuma ya gaze nitride, 38CrMoAlA ibikoresho bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa kandi ikora neza, kandi ikoreshwa kubiti byinshi bya valve.

Imibiri ntoya ya diametre hamwe ninziga zintoki nazo akenshi zikozwe muri chrome kugirango zongere imbaraga zo kwangirika no gushushanya valve.

7. Gutera ubushyuhe

Gutera amashyuza ni ubwoko bwibikorwa byo gutegura ibifuniko kandi byabaye bumwe muburyo bushya bwo kurinda ibintu.Numushinga wingenzi witerambere ryigihugu.Ikoresha ingufu nyinshi ziva mubushyuhe (flame yaka umuriro, arc yumuriro, plasma arc, ubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi, guturika gaze, nibindi) kugirango ushushe kandi ushongeshe ibyuma cyangwa ibikoresho bitari ibyuma, hanyuma ubisuke hejuru yibanze byateganijwe muri buryo bwa atomisation kugirango ikore spray., cyangwa gushyushya ubuso bwibanze icyarimwe, kugirango igipfundikizo cyongeye gushonga hejuru yubutaka bwa substrate, hanyuma uburyo bwo gushimangira ubuso bwurwego rwo gusudira.Ibyuma byinshi hamwe nibisigazwa byayo, ibyuma bya oxyde ceramics, cermet compte, hamwe nibyuma bikomeye birashobora gutwikirwa kubutaka bwibyuma cyangwa butari ibyuma hakoreshejwe uburyo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi bwo gutera amashyuza.

Gutera amashyuza birashobora kunoza ubuso bwayo, kurwanira kwambara, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi nibindi bintu, kandi bikongerera igihe cyo gukora.Ubushuhe bwa spray yumuriro hamwe nibikorwa bidasanzwe bifite ibintu byihariye nko kubika ubushyuhe, kubika (cyangwa amashanyarazi atandukanye), gusya gusya, kwikuramo amavuta, imirasire yubushyuhe, gukingira amashanyarazi, nibindi.;ibice birashobora gusanwa no gutera amashyuza.

8. Kugenzura ibidukikije byangirika

Ibyo bita ibidukikije bifite ibyumviro bibiri binini kandi byoroheje.Ibidukikije bigari bivuga ibidukikije bikikije ikibanza cyo gushyiramo valve nuburyo bwo kuzenguruka imbere;ibidukikije bigufi byerekana imiterere ikikije urubuga rwo gushiraho valve.Ibidukikije byinshi ntibishobora kugenzurwa kandi inzira yumusaruro ntishobora guhinduka uko bishakiye.Gusa mugihe bitazateza ibyangiritse kubicuruzwa, inzira, nibindi, uburyo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije burashobora gukoreshwa, nka deoxidizing amazi yo kubira, guhindura agaciro ka pH ya alkali yo murugo mugutunganya, nibindi. Kuva iyi ngingo yo kureba, twavuze haruguru hiyongereyeho inhibitori ya ruswa, kurinda amashanyarazi, nibindi nabyo bigenzurwa nibidukikije.

Ikirere cyuzuye umukungugu, imyuka y'amazi n'umwotsi, cyane cyane mubidukikije, nk'umwotsi halogen, imyuka y'ubumara hamwe n'ifu nziza itangwa n'ibikoresho, bizangirika kuri valve ku buryo butandukanye.Abakoresha bagomba guhora basukura kandi bagahanagura valve hamwe na lisansi buri gihe bakurikije amabwiriza yuburyo bukoreshwa, bikaba ingamba zifatika zo kurwanya ruswa.Uruti rwa valve rwashyizwemo igifuniko cyo gukingira, valve yubutaka yashyizwe mubutaka neza, kandi hejuru ya valve hashyizweho irangi, nibindi, aribwo buryo bwose bwo gukumira ruswa ya valve irimo ibintu byangirika.Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bw’ibidukikije hamwe n’umwanda uhumanya ikirere, cyane cyane ku bikoresho na valve mu bidukikije bifunze, bizihutisha kwangirika kwabo.Gufungura amahugurwa cyangwa guhumeka no gukonjesha bigomba gufatwa uko bishoboka kwose kugirango bidindiza kwangirika kw ibidukikije.

9. Kunoza tekinoroji yo gutunganya nuburyo bwa valve

Kurinda ruswa kurinda valve nikibazo gisuzumwa uhereye kubishushanyo mbonera, ibicuruzwa bya valve bifite igishushanyo mbonera cyuburyo bukwiye.Ntagushidikanya ko bifite ingaruka nziza mugutinda kwangirika kwa valve.