Kuki ibyuma bitagira umuyonga ari ingese?

Iyo ibibara byijimye (ibibara) bigaragara hejuru yimiyoboro idafite ibyuma, abantu baratangara cyane: "Ibyuma bidafite ingese ntibishobora kubora, kandi iyo byumye, ntabwo ari ibyuma bitagira umwanda, kandi hashobora kubaho ikibazo cyicyuma."Mubyukuri, iyi ni imyumvire imwe yibeshya kubyerekeye kutumva ibyuma bitagira umwanda.Ibyuma bitagira umwanda nabyo bizangirika mubihe bimwe.

1. Ibyuma bidafite ingese ntabwo ari ingese

Ibyuma bitagira umwanda nabyo bitanga okiside hejuru.Uburyo bwa ruste bwibyuma byose bidafite ingese kurubu ku isoko biterwa no kuba hari ibintu bya Cr.Intandaro (mehanisme) yo kutangirika kwangirika kwangirika ni tewolojiya ya pasiporo.Filime yiswe passivation ni firime yoroheje igizwe ahanini na Cr2O3 hejuru yicyuma.Bitewe nuko iyi firime ibaho, kwangirika kwicyuma kitagira umuyonga mubitangazamakuru bitandukanye birabangamiwe, kandi iki kintu cyitwa passivation.Hariho ibibazo bibiri byo gushiraho iyi firime ya passivation.Imwe muriyo nuko ibyuma bidafite ingese ubwabyo bifite ubushobozi bwo kwikuramo, kandi ubwo bushobozi bwo kwihitiramo bwihuta hamwe no kwiyongera kwa chromium, bityo ikagira kurwanya ingese;Ikintu cyagutse cyane ni uko ibyuma bidafite ingese bikora firime ya passiyo mugihe cyo kwangirika mubisubizo bitandukanye byamazi (electrolytite), bikabuza kwangirika.Iyo firime ya passivation yangiritse, firime nshya ya passivation irashobora guhita ikorwa.

Impamvu ituma firime ya pasiporo yicyuma idafite ubushobozi ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ruswa ifite ibintu bitatu biranga: imwe nuko ubunini bwa firime ya pasiporo iba yoroheje cyane, muri rusange microne nkeya gusa iyo chromium iba> 10.5%;ikindi nuburemere bwihariye bwa firime ya pasiporo iruta uburemere bwihariye bwa substrate;ibi bintu bibiri biranga byerekana ko firime ya passivation ari ntoya kandi yuzuye, bityo rero biragoye ko firime ya pasiporo isenywa nuburyo bwangirika kugirango yonone vuba substrate;icya gatatu kiranga ni uko igipimo cya chromium yibanda kuri firime ya pasiporo Substrate irenze inshuro eshatu hejuru;kubwibyo, firime ya pasiporo ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa.

2. Mubihe bimwe na bimwe, ibyuma bitagira umwanda nabyo bizangirika

Gukoresha ibidukikije byuma bidafite ingese biragoye cyane, kandi firime yoroheje ya chromium oxyde passique ntishobora kuzuza ibisabwa kugirango irwanye ruswa.Kubwibyo rero, ibintu nka molybdenum (Mo), umuringa (Cu), na azote (N) bigomba kongerwaho ibyuma ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha kugirango habeho imiterere ya firime ya passivation no kurushaho kunoza kwangirika kwangirika kwicyuma.Kwiyongera kwa Mo biteza imbere cyane passivation hamwe kuko ibicuruzwa byangiritse MoO2- byegereye substrate kandi birinda kwangirika kwa substrate;iyongerwaho rya Cu ikora firime ya pasiporo hejuru yicyuma kirimo CuCl, itezimbere imikorere ya firime pasiporo kuko idakorana nuburyo bubora.Kurwanya ruswa;wongeyeho N, kubera ko firime ya passivation ikungahaye kuri Cr2N, kwibanda kwa Cr muri firime ya passivation byiyongera, bityo bikazamura ruswa yo kwangirika kwicyuma.

Kurwanya kwangirika kwicyuma kidafite ingirakamaro.Urwego rwibyuma bitagira umwanda birwanya ruswa muburyo runaka, ariko birashobora kwangirika mubindi bikoresho.Muri icyo gihe, kurwanya ruswa yo kwangirika kwibyuma nabyo birasa.Kugeza ubu, nta byuma bidafite ingese bidashobora kwangirika rwose mubidukikije.

Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya okiside yo mu kirere - ni ukuvuga kurwanya ingese, kandi ifite n'ubushobozi bwo kwangirika mu bitangazamakuru birimo aside, alkalis, n'umunyu - ni ukuvuga kurwanya ruswa.Nyamara, ingano yubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya ruswa ihindurwa hamwe nubumara bwimiti yibyuma ubwabyo, leta yo kurinda, imiterere yimikoreshereze nubwoko bwitangazamakuru ryibidukikije.Kurugero, umuyoboro wibyuma 304 ufite ubushobozi buhebuje bwo kurwanya ruswa mukirere cyumutse kandi gisukuye, ariko iyo cyimuriwe mukarere k'inyanja, kizangirika vuba mugicu cyinyanja kirimo umunyu mwinshi;mugihe umuyoboro wicyuma 316 werekana ibyiza.Kubwibyo, ntabwo arubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwicyuma bushobora kurwanya ruswa hamwe ningese mubidukikije byose.